KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Polycom
®
KIRK Wireless Server 1500
Installation and Maintenance Guide
72-1604-00, Issue B
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Copyright © Polycom, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Catalog No: 72-1604-00, Issue B
Proprietary and Confidential
The information contained herein is the sole intellectual property of Polycom, Inc. No
distribution, reproduction or unauthorized use of these materials is permitted without the
expressed written consent of Polycom, Inc. Information contained herein is subject to change
without notice and does not represent commitment of any type on the part of Polycom, Inc.
Polycom and Accord are registered trademarks of Polycom, Inc.
Notice
While reasonable effort was made to ensure that the information in this document was complete
and accurate at the time of printing, Polycom, Inc., cannot assume responsibility for any errors.
Changes and/or corrections to the information contained in this document may be incorporated
into future issues.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Table of Contents
1. 4 Introduction
1.1 4 Icons and Conventions
2. 5 Capacities and Specifications
2.1 5 Overview
2.2
5 Identification Numbers
2.3
7 KIRK Wireless Solution Diagram
3. 8 Radio Coverage and Physical Deployment
3.1 8 Radio Coverage Areas
3.2
8 Deployment
3.3
15 Measuring Radio Coverage
3.4
16 Using the Handset as a Signal Meter
3.5
17 Signal Meter Display
3.6
19 Completing the Site Survey
3.7
20 KIRK Radio Hardware
4. 25 KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Solution
4.1 25 Internal Hardware
4.2
29 Accessories
4.3
30 KIRK Programming Tools
5. 31 Installation of the KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Solution
5.1 31 Internal Hardware Installation
5.2
32 Construction and Installation
5.3
32 Opening the KWS1500
5.4
34 Installing a KIRK Expansion Board 1500
5.5
35 Installing KIRK Analog Interface Cards
5.6
36 Wiring Base Stations
5.7
37 Base Station and Repeater Installation
6. 41 Regulatory Notices
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1. Introduction
This manual provides a complete discussion of the KIRK Wireless Server 1500. The
purpose of this manual is to provide general and specific information relating to the
deployment, physical installation, and tuning of the KIRK Wireless Server 1500, herein
referred to as the KWS1500.
1.1 Icons and Conventions
This manual uses the following icons and conventions.
Caution! Follow these instructions carefully to avoid danger.
Note these instructions carefully.
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2. Capacities and Specifications
2.1 Overview
A KIRK Wireless Solution, based on the KWS1500, is an adjunct solution for medium-to-
large businesses with a need from anywhere between 1 and 128 handset users. The KIRK
Expansion Board and the KIRK Link Card make it possible to expand the solution
capacity to reach registration of up to 128 and 700 wireless users depending on the
interface technology. The KWS1500 is deployed behind a new or existing host PBX
telephone switch through analog station port connections provided by the host PBX.
A KIRK Wireless Solution consists of a KWS1500 operating in the Digital Enhanced
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) frequency band of 1.8GHz or 1.9GHz, and
supports up to 16 KIRK Base Stations to deliver radio coverage for up to 64 KIRK
Handsets.
To eliminate “blind spots” or to cover low traffic areas, KIRK Repeaters can be added to
extend the radio coverage area of Base Stations. Up to six Repeaters can be connected per
host Base Station (96 Repeaters total).
KIRK Base Stations
The Base Station is a compact device that contains radio frequency (RF) circuitry and
radio antennas. The main function of the Base Station is to provide communication of
audio and data signals between the mobile handsets and the KWS1500 Solution. Each
KIRK Base Station supports four simultaneous voice conversations.
Up to three Base Stations may be placed adjacent to one another without causing
channel interference. This provides the ability to support up to 12 simultaneous voice
conversations in a given area. A fourth Base Station must be placed a minimum of 23
meters / 75 feet from a group of three Base Stations to avoid channel interference.
KIRK Repeaters
Repeaters extend the radio coverage of KIRK Base Stations by up to 50 percent. KIRK
Repeaters do not require cabling to the KIRK Wireless Server or the host Base Station.
Repeaters require local power and are synchronized to the host Base Station wirelessly.
A KIRK Repeater may only be synchronized to a single Base Station.
Handsets
The KIRK Handset is a lightweight, ergonomically designed wireless unit that includes a
LCD display and keypad. The handset is compatible with the DECT Generic Access
Profile (GAP) standard.
2.2 Identification Numbers
KIRK ARI number
The KIRK Access Rights Identity (ARI) number is an 11-digit number that specifically
identifies the KIRK Solution. Each KWS1500 cabinet produces a unique ARI number that
identifies it from any other KWS1500. The ARI number can be found on the back panel of
the KWS1500 cabinet.
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When using linked KWS1500s, the solution uses the ARI number from the KWS1500
assigned as the Master.
KIRK Handset IPEI number
Each KIRK Handset has a unique Equipment Production Identification number. This
number uniquely identifies each handset. The KWS1500 assigns each handset to the
solution by its International Portable Equipment Identity (IPEI) number, or serial
number. The IPEI number is printed on the label inside the battery compartment. It is
also available by dialing the feature code *99984* on the idle handset, and pressing the
OK button.
The IPEI number is a 12-digit number. It appears on all KIRK handset equipment as
follows:
00077 1234567
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
2.3 KIRK Wireless Solution Diagram
KIRK 1500 Solution KIRK 1500 Solution
(
Solo
/
Master
)
(
Linked Slave
)
Intermediate
Distribution
Frames
Programming
Cable
KIRK Base Station
KIRK
Handset
(Analog extension port
required for each handset)
Laptop PC
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
3. Radio Coverage and Physical Deployment
3.1 Radio Coverage Areas
The deployment of Base Stations and Repeaters is a critical aspect of the KWS1500
Wireless Server. If the Wireless Server installation is to be successful, the deployment
concepts explained here must be followed.
To determine the permanent installation location of Base Stations within a given
installation, a site survey must be taken to discover the optimal location and total
quantity of Base Stations required for the installation.
KIRK Base Stations provide a radio coverage radius of approximately 47 meters / 150
feet indoors or up to a 350-foot (106 meters) radius outdoors in direct line-of-sight
conditions. However, it is extremely important to keep in mind that radio coverage is
dependent on construction materials, method of construction and environment. These
factors will always be involved in every installation. Therefore, it is not possible to relate
one installation to another insofar as number of Base Stations or positioning of Base
Stations. Each site is relatively unique.
While an extensive guide to effective RF coverage planning is outside the scope of this
manual, the following points should be taken into consideration when planning the site,
prior to installation.
Specifications listed reflect capacities of the KWS1500 solution when used in a
Solo configuration unless otherwise designated.
• The Base Station provides a typical coverage radius of 150 feet (46 m) in a typical
indoor office environment, and up to a 350-foot (107 m) radius in an open area (line-
of-sight), extending in all directions from the Base Station. The exact coverage range
depends on the building architecture and materials.
• The KWS1500 will support a maximum of 64 handsets per solution. .
• The KWS1500 supports a maximum of 16 Base Stations per solution, providing 64
RF speech channels.
• A maximum of two KWS1500 solutions may be linked together.
• Handsets can move between coverage areas of different Base Stations while receiving
continuous service and maintaining conversations in progress.
• For efficient handoff of conversations between Base Stations, deploy multiple Base
Stations with sufficient overlap of coverage between them (i.e. plan for some areas to
be covered by more than one Base Station). Overlaps are necessary to allow handsets
the time necessary to handoff to a Base Station with a stronger signal.
• Avoid placing Base Stations near other electronic equipment, large machinery, etc.,
as the range can be severely affected.
• Base Stations should be placed between 1,8 and 2,4 meters / 6 and 8 feet in height; if
they are placed any lower, persons walking around could interfere with the radio
signal. Antennas should always be mounted in a vertical orientation utilizing the
supplied mounting bracket. Coverage area can be adversely affected if the Base
Stations is mounted improperly.
3.2 Deployment
It is important to keep in mind that the coverage area of the KWS1500 and any repeater is
flexible and affected b outside objects. It should be noted that within the course of this
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
guide coverage areas are represented by abstract areas and bear no resemblance to the
actual physical coverage area provided by the KWS1500.
Coverage Area Calculations
One Base Station:
Coverage A = (π x r
2
)
Extending Radio Coverage with Repeaters
A KIRK Repeater is a useful tool for extending a Base Station’s coverage area. It is
therefore ideal where extra coverage is required in a low traffic area.
KIRK Repeaters do not provide additional active speech channels to the KIRK Wireless
Server. Instead, the Repeaters extend up to 2 simultaneous traffic channels of the host
Base Station. Base Stations do not handover speech channels to the Repeater, therefore
when a Wireless Handset is off hook using a Repeater channel, the associated base
Station channel also remains in use. A Repeater only takes channels from a Base Station
when there is active traffic on the Repeater.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Multi Cell Environment
In a multi cell environment, up to 3 Repeaters may be synchronized to a single Base
Station to extend the radio coverage.
Jump Configuration
Repeaters may also be configured in a “jump” configuration. In this configuration the
Repeater closest to the Base Station is the only Repeater in the chain that is synchronized
to the Base Station. Subsequent Repeaters are synchronized to the previous Repeater in
the chain.
Radio coverage overlap
Other factors involved in a deployment relate to radio coverage overlap. A coverage
overlap occurs when the radio fields of multiple Base Stations overlap each other. Base
Stations must be placed in such a way that the radio coverage from one Base Station to
another overlaps by 9 to 14 meters / 30 to 45 feet. An overlap is required so that as the
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
handset moves about the various coverage zones Base Stations have time to hand the call
off to another Base Station. .
If the overlap area is not enough (less than 9 to 14 meters / 30 to 45 feet), there is a risk of
dropping the connection while moving from one coverage area to another. This is
because of the time that the handset needs to scan for an alternative Base Station.
However, too much overlap results in a wasted coverage area.
If the alternative Base Station is not found while crossing the overlap into another area, a
channel handoff cannot take place and the connection to the solution will be dropped
because the handset is now out-of-range.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Horizontal and vertical overlap
Base Stations are omni-directional, meaning RF signal is propagated vertically and
horizontally from the Base Stations and Repeaters. Depending on building materials, the
Base Station coverage area will typically extend to more than one floor of a structure. In
the multi-zone building installation below, the coverage areas overlap horizontally,
allowing the handset to roam the structure without interruption. The handsets will
always try to acquire the Base Station with the strongest signal if there are channels
available on the Base Station.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
No overlap
In areas where two Base Stations are separated by steel doors, gates, elevators, stairwells,
etc., the handset may not have time to register with the next Base Station, resulting in the
call being dropped. This can be resolved by moving the Base Stations closer together, or
by installing another Base Station near the obstruction.
If the overlap area is not enough (less than 9 to 14 / 30 to 45 feet), there is a risk of
dropping the connection while moving from one coverage area to another. This is
because of the time that the handset needs to scan for an alternative Base Station. Too
much overlap results in a wasted coverage area, and too little results in dropped calls.
Small overlaps
In this example, two coverage areas meet at a perpendicular intersection such as a
hallway or outside of a building corner. When moving around in the area where little or
no overlap occurs, there is a chance the call may drop. This is because the handset does
not have time to register with the second Base Station before the handset has exited the
coverage area of the first Base Station. This can be solved by placing another Base Station
or KIRK Repeater in the corner of the meeting corridors to provide extra coverage.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Many small overlaps
Be aware that many small overlaps in the same area can create problems if a handset can
only identify two Base Stations. For example, if the handset is located in such an area and
it is moved in a given direction, the alternative Base Station chosen may be different than
the Base Station towards which the handset is traveling. This situation can cause a
dropped call.
The best solution is to place a Base Station in the middle of the area where there is
merging radio coverage.
Coverage hot spots
Each Base Station supports four simultaneous conversations. In some applications, more
channels are needed in a dense area. To support these installation requirements, up to
three Base Stations can be placed in the same general area to provide extra traffic
capability. This area is referred to as a “hot spot.” Hot spots are generally used in
common areas of a building that will require more traffic channels than a single Base
Station can supply.
Base Stations must be separated by at least 4 to 9 meters / 15 to 30 feet to
avoid conflicts. If a fourth Base Station is required in a high traffic area, to
prevent interference it must be placed at least 22 meters / 75 feet away, if a
direct line of sight exists between the fourth Base Station and the group of
three.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Shadows
Be aware that “shadows” created by parts of the building can cause spots where no radio
signals are able to penetrate. If a Base Station is mounted on a concrete or steel pillar, or
even mounted near steel shelves, shadow areas may occur. This should be resolved by
placing extra Base Stations near the shadow areas.
Firewalls/doors, metal siding or linings, etc., might create these shadows.
Weather conditions and seasons of the year
Different weather conditions can have an influence regarding radio coverage. For
example, rain, dense fog, a wet or icy roof or wall, can act as an RF shield.
Different seasons of the year can also have an influence regarding radio coverage. For
example, the growth of leaves on trees in the spring that were not present when the
solution was installed in the winter might affect the radio coverage of Base Stations or
Repeaters.
3.3 Measuring Radio Coverage
The radio coverage provided by Base Stations and Repeaters is related in two separate
but equally important values. These two values are referred to as the Q-value, and the
Radio Signal Strength Indicator, or RSSI. The KIRK Handset can be used as a signal meter
for measuring these values.
Q-value
The Q-value is a relative expression for the bit failure rate in the communication between
the Base Stations and the handset. The highest possible Q-value is 64; at this value there
is a very low bit failure rate and should provide excellent speech quality.
As the wireless handset roams the coverage area, the Q-value will
change. When the wireless handset registers a Q-value of 52 (12 bit
failures measured), the wireless handset will request a handover to
an alternative Base Station or Repeater or eventually to another
channel, frequency or timeslot.
Be aware that the information in the display is only updated once per
second meaning that the number of bit failure can be lower or higher
than indicated in the display. Therefore it is important to accept that
as soon as significant fluctuation of the Q-value occurs the end of the
radio coverage has been reached.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
RSSI value
The Radio Signal Strength Indicator value is a relative expression for the field strength of
signal from the Base Station. The RSSI value is used for the choice of the alternative Base
Station(s).
The handset will choose the Base Station from which the strongest RSSI signal is received
as the first alternative Base Station. Alternative Base Stations are listed according to RSSI
values. If the “Best alternative Base Station” disappears, the next Base Station with the
highest RSSI value will become the “Best alternative Base Station.”
RSSI value display
The RSSI value of Base Stations can be viewed by the handset when used as a signal
meter. This value is related in a two-digit numerical format. However, the RSSI value
may be a three-digit value (i.e. greater than 99). In this case, the handset uses a
punctuation symbol to indicate this condition. This punctuation symbol should be read
as “100 + the number shown.”
For instance, to relate a RSSI value of 99, the digits 99 will be shown in the display. To
relate a RSSI value of 106, the value may appear as : 6 or ; 6. The punctuation value
shown may change; however, the meaning remains the same.
To provide for quality speech, the RSSI value is normally not accepted as
lower than a loss of 25dB relative to the signal which is 100% measured near
to the KWS1500. If the signal loss rises to more than 25dB within the
desired coverage area, plan to install a KIRK Repeater to improve coverage.
When measuring for placement of Repeaters, the signal loss of the KWS1500
(or KIRK Repeater in a linear configuration) should not be higher than 25dB
at the location chosen for mounting the Repeater.
.
3.4 Using the Handset as a Signal Meter
During a site survey, the handset can be used as a signal meter to measure the radio
signal strength and bit-failure rate of the KWS1500 and Repeaters and determine their
optimal locations.
Radio coverage is measured by a combination of the Q-value and RSSI value, shown in
the handset’s display as described below. If the values are not adequate in a sector of the
coverage area (Signal loss of more than 25dB and Q-value less than 60), the KWS1500
may need to be moved to a better location, and / or KIRK Repeaters may need to be
installed.
All signal measurements must be taken with the subscribed handset off-hook
and in a call to monitor voice quality.
It is recommended to use a headset to assist with measuring radio signal
strength. This allows you to listen to the quality of the voice while
simultaneously viewing the signal values on the handset’s display screen.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Activating the signal meter (3040, 4020, 4040)
• Turn the handset on (press the key for one second).
• Dial (make sure that the “key lock” is not
active).
• Press the
key; the Signal Meter will appear.
3040, 4020, 4040
Si
g
nal Meter
Activating the signal meter (5020, 5040)
• Turn the handset on (press the left softkey for one second).
• Dial
(make sure that the “key lock” is not
active).
• Press the R key, and wait for signal data to be received; the
Signal Meter will appear.
5020 Signal Meter
Performing measurements (3040, 4020, 4040)
• Take the handset off-hook by pressing the
key.
• Place a call to a destination.
• Place your hand over the top of the handset to simulate actual usage.
• Monitor the values displayed.
Performing measurements (5020, 5040)
• Take the handset off-hook by pressing the key.
• Place a call to a destination.
• Place your hand over the top of the handset to simulate actual usage.
• Monitor the values displayed.
Turning off the Signal Meter (3040, 4020, 4040)
To exit the Signal Meter mode, press and hold the
key for two seconds. The
handset will return to the idle condition.
Turning off the Signal Meter (5020, 5040)
To exit the Signal Meter mode, press Exit.
3.5 Signal Meter Display
The Signal Meter Display includes the
Q-value, RSSI value, hopping
sequence, time slot and handoff
information for Base Stations and all
Repeaters located within the range of
the handset. Base Station and Repeater
numbers are shown in hexadecimal.
Refer to the included chart for
translation
.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
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Along the bottom row of the display, the
values for the closest Base Station or
Repeater are reported. From left to right in
the display, the information includes the
number of the Base Station or Repeater, the
Q-value, and the RSSI value. The remaining
numbers are not of value to the
measurement process. Should the handset
be taken off-hook in this location, this is t
Base Station or Repeater that would most
likely be activated. This is referred to as the
“active” Base Station.
he
Each Base Station and Repeater within range of the handset is listed to the right of RPN
(Radio fixed Part Number), with its corresponding RSSI value below it, to the right of
RSS. Alternate Base Stations and Repeaters are prioritized by RSSI value.
In this example, the handset is actively
synchronized to Base Station 25 (Hex value
19) with a Q-value of 64. The handset is
also within range of Base Station 03 with
RSSI value of 84. When the Q-value of Base
Station 25 drops to around 52, the handset
will request a handoff to the Base
Station/Repeater with the highest RSSI
value, if available. In this case, the handoff
would be given to Base Station 03 with RSSI
value of 84.
Site Survey Technique
Starting near the KWS1500, use your KIRK Handset to place an active call to another
telephone to monitor voice quality. Walk away from the KWS1500 while monitoring
signal values to find the limits of the coverage. Roam to each room or area of the facility
where coverage is desired.
Monitor the Q-value while moving away form the KWS1500. If the Q-value drops to 52
or becomes unstable (fluctuating) the limit of the radio coverage has been reached. Walk
back to an area where the Q-value stably measures at least 60, and the signal loss is not
higher than 25dB, and mark the location to install a KIRK Repeater.
During measurement of radio coverage, it is important to simulate the influence of the
human body and normal usage of the handset. This can be done either by shielding the
antenna by the hand, or by turning the handset and the body in a way to achieve a
“worst case” situation for reception of the radio signal from the Base Station.
KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
Hexadecimal numbering of Base Stations
When using the handset as a signal meter, Base Station numbers are shown in
hexadecimal format as follows:
Base Station Hexadecimal Base Station Hexadecimal
00 00 16 10
01 01 17 11
02 02 18 12
03 03 19 13
04 04 20 14
05 05 21 15
06 06 22 16
07 07 23 17
08 08 24 18
09 09 25 19
10 0A 26 1A
11 0B 27 1B
12 0C 28 1C
13 0D 29 1D
14 0E 30 1E
15 0F 31 1F
3.6 Completing the Site Survey
By the end of the site survey, you should have established the optimum locations for the
Base Stations and any necessary Repeaters. Mark these locations clearly and plan out
how you will provide electrical power for Repeaters, if not yet in place.
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KIRK Wireless Server 1500 Installation and Maintenance
3.7 KIRK Radio Hardware
KIRK Base Stations
KIRK Base Stations are compact devices that contain
RF circuitry and transmit/receive antennas. The main
function of the Base Station is to provide audio and
data communication between the handsets and the
KWS1500. The KIRK Base Station controls the traffic
channels in the air and works as a link between the
handsets and the KWS1500.
The KWS1500 operates the Base Stations through a
wired standard twisted pair of cables. Only one pair is
required per KIRK Base Station and, by using recommended Cat 5 cabling, Base Stations
may be placed up to 2.5 km / 9,000 feet from the KWS1500 main cabinet. A Base Station
does not require an external AC power source. Instead, the Base Station is directly
powered through the cabling from the KWS1500. .
Base Stations are designed with two internal antennas and support antenna diversity.
The Base Station is also able to carry out handoff between the RF channels under the
same Base Station, and supports up to four simultaneous speech channels.
Base Stations are omni-directional and provide a radio coverage radius of around 47
meters / 150 feet indoors, or 106 meters / 350 feet outdoors in direct line-of-sight
conditions.
It is not possible to define a more exact size of a KIRK Base Station coverage area, as it
largely depends on location specifics such as building materials, etc. Before a KIRK
Wireless Solution is installed, a careful site survey should be performed in order to
accurately define how many Base Stations are required to provide the necessary coverage
at each individual site. Site surveys are also used to locate the optimal locations for each
Base Station and, if needed, locations for KIRK Repeaters.
It is possible to connect 16 Base Stations to a single KWS1500. Base Stations 0 to 7 are
supported by the KWS1500 motherboard. Base Stations 8 to 15 are supported by the
KIRK Expansion Board 1500.
By linking two KWS1500 units together using the KIRK Link Card, 32 Base Stations can
be connected.
Each Base Station supports four simultaneous conversations. In cases where more than
four simultaneous conversations are commonly required, multiple Base Stations may be
placed to create “hot spot” zones to provide high traffic capacity areas.
Base Stations are also termed Radio Fixed Part (RFP).
All Base Stations should be cabled using 24-gauge, Cat 5, twisted-pair cable. Terminate
the Base Station end of the twisted-pair cable with an RJ-11 connector on the center pair.
Base Stations are not polarity sensitive.
It is important that Base Stations are installed where the coverage is required. Therefore,
Base Stations can be installed either indoors or outdoors.
• Indoors, the Base Stations must be mounted in a vertical orientation to a
suitable, non-metallic, flat surface such as a wall or post.
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