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Dante Controller User

Guide

User Guide

For Dante Controller version 3.5.x

For Windows and OS X

Document version: 1.6

Document name:AUD-MAN-DanteController-3.5.x-v1.6.pdf

Published: Tuesday, 16 December 2014

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Contents

About Audinate 9

About Dante 9

Introduction 10

About Dante Controller 10

What's New in version 3.5 10

v3.5.6 10

v3.5.1 10

v3.5.0 11

v3.4.0 11

v3.2.9 12

v3.2.8 12

Minimum System Requirements 12

General 12

Windows 12

Mac OSX 13

OperatingSystem Updates 13

Firewall Configuration 13

Monitor Requirements 13

Installing Dante Controller 14

Downloading Dante Controller 14

Installing Dante Controller on Windows 14

Installing Dante Controller on Mac OSX 14

Uninstalling Dante Controller 14

Windows 15

Mac OS X 15

Dante Basics 16

Discovery and auto-configuration 16

Automatic network configuration 16

Automatic discovery 16

Device Channels 16

Subscribing to Audio Channels 17

Subscribing to Multiple Audio Channels at once 17

Unsubscribing Audio Channels 17

Subscription Status 17

Subscription Tooltips 17

Differentiating between input and output channels 18

Device Names and Channel Labels 18

Rules for Names and Labels 19

Routing Audio 19

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Routing Terminology 19

Subscription 20

Redundancy 20

Audio Formats 21

Flows 21

Advanced Routing: Using Multicast 22

Clock Synchronization 22

Dante Clock Types 22

Clock Settings 22

Enable Sync To External 22

Preferred Master 22

Clocking and Synchronization in Redundant Networks 23

Latency 23

LatencyMonitoring 23

Latency and Dante Virtual Soundcard 24

Dante Control and Monitoring 24

Starting Dante Controller 25

Where to find the Dante Controller application 25

Windows 25

Mac OSX 25

Configuring Dante Controller 25

Network Interface Selection 25

Network Interface Configuration Guidelines 26

Primary only (non-redundant) Dante network 26

Primary and secondary Dante networks (redundant configuration), only one network

interface on the host computer 27

Primary and secondary networks (redundant configuration), two network interfaces on

the host computer 28

Using Dante Controller 29

Network View 29

Menu bar 30

File 30

Device 31

Help 31

Tool bar 31

Tabs 31

Status Bar 32

Network View Tabs 32

Routing View 32

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Expanding the Routing View 33

Device List Filtering 33

Channel Groups 34

Device Info 35

Clock Status 36

Device Name 36

Sync 36

Mute 37

Clock Source 37

Primary Status | Secondary Status 37

Preferred Master 37

Enable Sync To External 37

About Clock Domains 38

About Master Clocks 38

Clock Status Monitoring 39

Why would a device clock be unstable? 39

Passive monitoring 39

Active Monitoring 39

Clock Status Monitor 40

Log 40

History 41

About Clock Offset 41

About the Histogram 42

Interpreting the Histogram 42

Network Status 44

Device Name 44

Subscription Status 44

PrimaryStatus 44

Secondary Status 44

Bandwidth Columns 45

Latency Setting 45

Latency Errors 45

Packet Errors 45

Events 46

Filtering the Event List 46

Clearing the Event List 46

Saving the Event Log 47

Automatic event logging 47

Event Classification 47

Automatic Notification of Device Errors 48

Incorrect IP address configuration 48

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Failsafe mode 48

Upgrade mode 48

Other Event Notifications 49

Device View 49

Device View Menu bar 51

File 51

Device 51

Help 51

Device View Toolbar 51

Device View Tabs 51

Receive Tab 52

Receive Channels 52

Available Channels 53

Creating Subscriptions 53

Changing Receive Channel Labels 53

Transmit Tab 54

Changing Tx channel labels 55

Status Tab 55

Device Information 55

Dante Information 56

Clock Synchronization 56

Primary Interface 56

Secondary Interface 57

Latency Tab 57

About Latency and Packet Loss 57

About the Histogram 58

Interpreting the Histogram 59

Device Config Tab 60

Configurable Parameters 61

Rename Device 61

Sample Rate 61

Device Latency 62

Reset Device 62

Network Config Tab 62

Dante Redundancy / Switch Configuration 63

Redundant 63

Switched 63

Switch Configuration 63

Addresses 63

HA Remote 64

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Multicast Transmit Flow Configuration 65

Presets 67

About Device Roles 67

Saving Presets 68

Parameter Rules 68

Rx Subscriptions 68

Tx Flows (multicast flows) 69

Tx Channel Labels 69

Applying Presets 69

Preset Elements 70

Preset Roles 70

Automatic Assignments 71

Manual Assignments 72

Target Devices 72

Issues 73

Applying the Preset 73

Global Configuration 73

Troubleshooting 75

Fanout 75

About Transmit Flows 75

Messages on Startup 75

Computer Configuration Checklist 76

Third-party firewall configuration 76

Troubleshooting Dante IP Address Configuration 76

Correct IP configuration 77

Possible IP network configuration mistakes 77

Incorrect PC/Mac IP configuration 77

Incorrect general IP configuration 77

Incorrect redundant network configuration 77

What are the symptoms of using the wrong network interface on my computer? 78

How do I check which network interfaces Dante Controller is using? 78

How do I check IP addresses for all devices on my network? 78

Troubleshooting Switch Configuration and Cabling 79

Symptoms of switch or cabling issues 79

Switch and Cabling Checklist 79

Index 80

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Contacts

Audinate Pty Ltd

Level 1, 458 Wattle Street

Ultimo NSW 2007

AUSTRALIA

Tel. +61 2 8090 1000

Postal address

Audinate Pty Ltd

PO Box 855

Broadway NSW 2007

AUSTRALIA

Audinate Inc

1732 NW Quimby Street

Suite 215

Portland, OR 97209

USA

Tel: +1 503 224 2998

info@audinate.com

www.audinate.com

Copyright

Audinate®, the Audinate logo and Dante are trademarks of Audinate Pty Ltd.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Audinate products are protected by one or more of US Patents 7747725, 8005939, 7978696, 8171152, and

other patents pending or issued. See www.audinate.com/patents.

Legal Notice and Disclaimer

Audinate retains ownership of all intellectual property in this document.

The information and materials presented in this document are provided as an information source only.

While effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information, no guarantee is

given nor responsibility taken by Audinate for errors or omissions in the data.

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Audinate is not liable for any loss or damage that may be suffered or incurred in any way as a result of

acting on information in this document. The information is provided solely on the basis that readers will be

responsible for making their own assessment, and are advised to verify all relevant representation,

statements and information with their own professional advisers.

Software Licensing Notice

Audinate distributes products which are covered by Audinate license agreements and third-party license

agreements.

For further information and to access copies of each of these licenses, please visit our website:

www.audinate.com/software-licensing-notice

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About Audinate

Audinate revolutionizes AV systems to enable its customers to thrive in a networked world. Audinate's

patented Dante media networking technology has been adopted by the leading manufacturers in the

professional audio/visual industry.

Dante is used extensively for live performance events, commercial installation, broadcast, recording and

production, and communications systems.

Audinate offices are located in US, UK and Australia. Visit www.audinate.com for the latest news and

information on the company.

Dante is Digital Media Networking Perfected.

About Dante

Audinate’s Dante technology provides high performance digital media networking that meets the quality

and performance requirements of professional live sound, AV installations and broadcast and recording

systems.

Designed to fully exploit the capabilities of today and tomorrow’s networking equipment, Dante provides

media transport mechanisms that eliminate many traditional audio network design restrictions. Dante

makes it easy to set up robust, flexible digital audio networks with virtually unrestricted performance. A

Dante network can be designed with mixed Gigabit and 100Mbps network speeds, simultaneously support

audio with different sample rates and bit depths, and even allow the design of network zones with different

latencies.

Dante is built on Internet Protocols — not just Ethernet. Because it uses standard IP over Ethernet, Dante

is capable of running on inexpensive off-the-shelf computer networking hardware, and with the use of

standard QoS can share installed networks with other data and computing traffic.

Dante provides sample-accurate synchronization and can deliver the very low latency required by

professional audio. Dante’s network-centric, audio-independent approach to synchronization allows

perfectly synchronized playout across different audio channels, devices and networks, even over multiple

switch hops.

Dante makes networking a true plug-and-play process, allowing automatic device discovery and system

configuration. Dante-enabled devices will automatically setup their network configuration and advertise

themselves and their channels on the network, reducing complicated, error-prone set-up procedures.

Instead of ‘magic numbers’, networked devices and their input and output signals can be named to make

sense to the user.

Dante is not restricted to allowing configuration and transmission of audio channels. Dante also provides

mechanisms to send or receive control and monitoring information across the Dante IP network, including

equipment-specific messages and control specified and developed by a particular manufacturer.

With its strong foundations and links to current and evolving network standards, Dante is able to deliver a

level of future proofing otherwise unavailable in other types of digital audio transportation. Continued

evolution of its networking technology is an integral part of the Dante roadmap.

Dante technology is available in ready-to-implement hardware and software products, reference designs

and development APIs.

For more information, please visit the Audinate website at www.audinate.com.

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Introduction

About Dante Controller

Dante Controller is a software application provided by Audinate which allows

users to configure and route audio around Dante networks. It is available for

Windows and OSX(see Minimum System Requirements for more details).

Once you install Dante Controller on your PC or Mac and connect it to a Dante

network, you can use Dante Controller to:

n View all Dante-enabled audio devices and their channels on the network

n View Dante-enabled device clock and network settings

n Route audio on these devices, and view the state of existing audio routes

n Change the labels of audio channels from numbers to names that suit you

n Customize the receive latency (latency before play out)

n Save audio routing presets

n Apply previously saved presets

n Edit presets offline, and apply as configurations for new network deployments

n View and set per device configuration options including:

o

Changing the device name

o

Changing sample rate and clock settings

o

Viewing detailed network information

o

Access the device web page to upgrade firmware and license information (where supported)

o

Identify a device for example by flashing LEDs (where supported)

n View network status information, including:

o

Multicast bandwidth across the network

o

Transmit and receive bandwidth for each device

n View device performance information, including latency statistics and packet errors

n View clock status information for each device, including frequency offset history and clock event

logs

What's New in version 3.5

v3.5.6

n Dante Controller now displays Ultimo devices in orange text when they are in upgrade mode.

n Device names can now start with a numeric character.

n OSX10.10 is now supported.

v3.5.1

n Dante Controller now checks (at startup) the version of the Dante Control and Monitoring service

(conmon) that is installed on the computer. If the conmon version is not correct for the installed

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version of Dante Controller, the user is prompted to update the conmon version, by reinstalling Dante

Controller.

v3.5.0

n Presets have been enhanced. You are now able to filter the parameters that are saved into presets,

edit preset files offline (this effectively allows you to use Dante Controller as an offline configuration

tool), and apply the saved parameter sets as 'device roles' to any compatible devices, on any net-

work (where supported). See Presets for more information.

n For supported devices, the new Device View > Latency tab allows you to view a histogram of audio

packet latency for each transmitter that the device is subscribed to.

n For supported devices, Clock Status Monitoring allows you to view a histogram of clock stability for

the device.

n Dante Controller can now be connected to primary and secondary networks (where applicable),

enabling full control over redundant devices should the primary network fail.

n Channel Groups allow you to group device channels into sets of 16.

n A new tab, Network Status, displays network related information for all devices on the network.

o

The 'Clear Counters' button on the Device View > Status tab can be used to clear packet error

history for the device.

n The Device Status tab is now called Device Info.

n The Clock Status tab has been enhanced.

n The Events tab has been enhanced. Events can now be filtered by severity, and the event log icon in

the status bar displays notifications for new events.

n The new Status Bar displays the status of connectivity to the primary and secondary networks, mul-

ticast bandwidth (previously shown in the toolbar), and notification icons for the event log and the

clock status monitor.

n New look and feel.

Previous releases

v3.4.0

n Metering icons are displayed for supported devices.

n The Multicast Bandwidth for the network is displayed on the menu bar.

n The event log icons have been updated.

n Subscription in progress icons are now displayed when new subscriptions are made.

n Clock Health Monitoring - displays a notification if a device clock is showing signs of instability.

n Clear Config replaces FactoryReset for supported devices.

n Mute Status has been added to the Device view > Status tab.

n The Apple Bonjour service is no longer used for device discovery by Dante Controller for Windows -

the Audinate 'Dante Discovery' service is now used instead. Dante Discovery is installed auto-

matically with Dante Controller v3.4.0 for Windows.

Note: If you have Dante Firmware Update Manager or Dante Virtual Soundcard, do not uninstall

Bonjour from your system - it is still required by those applications.

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v3.2.9

n For supported devices (Dante-MY16-AUD cards v3.3.9 and up), the Device View now includes an

HARemote tab.

n Dante Controller for Mac now supports OSX10.8.

v3.2.8

n Switch Configuration - supported devices allow specialist switching configurations

n Device View > Status tab - for supported devices, the 'Device Information' pane in the Device View

> Status tab now displays manufacturer, product type and product version information for the device.

Dante-specific information for the device (Dante model, Dante software and Dante firmware ver-

sions) is now displayed in the 'Dante Information' pane.

n Device Status View - the 'Type' and 'Version' columns have been renamed as 'Product Type' and

'Product Version'

n Various performance and stability enhancements

Minimum System Requirements

The tables below list the minimum system specifications for your computer to be able to use Dante

Controller.

Disclaimer: It is possible that your computer may meet the requirements below, but suffer from some

other individual performance limitation related to its particular hardware. Please seek the advice of your

computer support administrator.

General

Component Recommended Minimum Requirement

Processor 1GHz or better

Memory 512Mbyte of RAM

Network Standard wired Ethernet network interface (100Mbps or Gigabit). Wireless LAN (Wi-

Fi) Ethernet interfaces are not supported

Windows

Component Recommended Minimum Requirement

Operating

System

Windows 7 (SP1 and above), 8 and 8.1

NOTE: Both UTF-8 and Unicode are supported EXCEPT for host or device

names; the DNS standard does not support Unicode for these

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Mac OSX

Component Recommended Minimum Requirement

Operating System Mac OS X 10.7.5, 10.8.5, 10.9.5 and 10.10

NOTE: Intel architecture only; PPC architecture is not supported

Note: If you intend to also install Dante Virtual Soundcard on the same machine as Dante Controller,

you will require a machine which meets the minimum system requirements for Dante Virtual

Soundcard.

OperatingSystem Updates

Ensure your PC or Mac has the latest Windows or Apple updates installed.

Firewall Configuration

Firewall configuration for Windows Firewall and Mac OS X built-in firewall is automatically handled during

installation.

Dante Controller communicates over UDP over the following ports:

n Dante Control and Monitoring: 8700-8705, 8800

If you are using a third-party firewall product, use the port information provided above to configure it

accordingly.

Monitor Requirements

n A display resolution of at least 1024 x 768, with a screen size of at least 19” is recommended for

Dante Controller.

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Installing Dante Controller

Downloading Dante Controller

Dante Controller is available for download from Audinate’s website.

To download a copy of Dante Controller:

1. Go to the Audinate website: www.audinate.com.

2. Navigate to Products > Dante Controller.

3.

Under ‘Download’, choose your operating system.

4.

Click the red download button.

This will take you to the appropriate Dante Controller release page for your operating system.

Click the link under ‘File downloads’ to download the Dante Controller installer.

Installing Dante Controller on Windows

Once you have downloaded the self-installing Dante Controller file, navigate to the directory where you

have downloaded it (e.g. Desktop).

To install:

1. Ensure you are logged on to your PCas an administrator.

2. Navigate to and double-click the Dante Controller installer file.

3. Read the license agreement. If you agree to the terms, select the 'I agree' checkbox and click

Install. If you do not agree to the terms, click Close.

4. Confirm / acknowledge any Windows security prompts that are displayed.

Dante Controller will then be installed. Dante Controller will be added to the start menu, under

'Audinate'.

Installing Dante Controller on Mac OSX

To install Dante Controller on Mac OSX:

1. Double-click the Dante Controller .dmg file. A drive icon will appear on your Desktop Finder window.

Double click on this to open.

2. Double click the Dante Controller .pkg. This will run the installer.

3. Read the license text, and if you accept the terms of the agreement, click Agree.

If you do not accept these terms, click Disagree to terminate the installation.

Uninstalling Dante Controller

You should not need to uninstall Dante Controller before installing a new version.

However, if you do wish to uninstall DanteController:

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Windows

Navigate to Control Panel > Programs and Features, select Dante Controller and click Uninstall.

Note: Two other Dante features, 'Dante Control and Monitoring' and 'Dante Discovery', may still be

present in the programs list after uninstalling Dante Controller. Do not uninstall these features if they

are present - they are required by other Dante software applications (for example, Dante Virtual

Soundcard, Firmware Update Manager, and third-party Dante control applications). They will be

removed automatically if they are no longer required.

Mac OS X

Use the Uninstall tool available in the .dmg file.

Dante Controller User Guide

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Dante Basics

Discovery and auto-configuration

When a Dante-enabled device is connected to an IP/Ethernet network, it will automatically:

1. Configure its IP address

2. Advertise itself to allow automatic discovery

Within seconds of a Dante-enabled device connecting to a network, Dante Controller will automatically

discover and display the device, allowing you to configure channels and route audio.

Automatic network configuration

A Dante-enabled device connected to a network will automatically setup its own network configuration,

including its IP address.

If the network has a DHCP server, which may be the case for installed networks, it will receive its IP

configuration using the standard DHCP protocol.

On a network without a DHCP server, which may be the case for temporary or smaller networks, the

Dante-enabled device will automatically assign itself an address using link local protocols, in the same

way PCs and printers often do.

Automatic discovery

A Dante-enabled device will advertise information about itself to other Dante devices and Dante Controller,

including:

n Device name

n Audio channel labels

n Number of audio channels

n Sample rates and bit depths

This information can be seen when viewing a device on Dante Controller, and allows Dante devices to

determine compatibility with other devices, such as compatible sample rates to allow audio to be routed.

Device Channels

A Dante device has a number of channels associated with it. These are either transmit (Tx) or receive (Rx)

channels. Receive channels and devices are listed down the left side of the grid. Transmit channels and

devices are listed along the top of the grid.

Transmit channels are advertised on the network. A receiver uses this advertisement to establish a

subscription to the channel. A transmit channel can be sent to multiple receivers using unicast or

multicast.

Receive channels are connected to transmit channels via a subscription. Each receive channel will receive

audio over the network from at most one transmit channel.

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Subscribing to Audio Channels

In the Routing View, a blue square at the intersection of an Rx and a Tx channel indicates that is it possible

to create an audio route between those channels. A grey square indicates that it is not possible to create a

route between those channels. This may be because of a mismatch in sample rate between the transmitter

and receiver, or because a device cannot route to itself.

When you click a blue square at the cross-point between a transmit channel and a receive channel, a

subscription will be created, and a green tick will appear in the matrix cross point. You may initially see

a grey hourglass icon (usually very briefly) to indicate that the subscription is in progress.

If there is a problem with the subscription, either a warning or an error icon may appear. If many

devices have been subscribed at the same time, a yellow pending icon may appear temporarily. Hover

the mouse over subscription icons to see a related tooltip (see Subscription Tooltips).

Note: Subscriptions can also be created in the Device View. This is covered in the Device View

section (Device View is NOT the same as Device Status View).

Subscribing to Multiple Audio Channels at once

To subscribe multiple channels at the same time, hold down the Ctrl key and click the [-] symbol at the top

left corner of the intersection between the two devices. All possible channels will be subscribed at the

same time (see the figure in Expanding the Routing View).

Unsubscribing Audio Channels

To unsubscribe an audio channel, click on the cross-point containing a subscription. The subscription icon

will be removed and revert to a plain blue square.

Subscription Status

The symbol displayed at the intersection of the Tx channel and the Rx channel in the Routing View

provides information on the status of the subscription or connection, as follows:

In progress The subscription is in progress

Subscribed Connection is established and fully functional

Warning The subscription is unresolved, typically because the transmitting

device is not visible on the network (for example, because it has

been removed, or switched off)

Error An error has occurred - for example, there is insufficient bandwidth

to establish the subscription

Pending Device is part-way through setting up subscription. Most commonly

seen when subscribing many channels at a time

Note: The status of a subscription can change after it has been initially established, due to changes

in the network or changes in other devices.

Subscription Tooltips

Hovering the mouse over a subscription icon in the Routing tab displays a tooltip containing information

about the subscription.

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If there is no problem with the subscription, the tooltip will display the Rx channel and device name, plus

the Tx channel and device name (for example, 'kick@Monitor-Console <- 01@Stagebox-2').

Other messages are displayed if the subscription is in any other state.

Some common messages are:

n

'Incorrect channel format: source and destination channels do not match'

The receiver and transmitter are set to different sample rates.

n

'Mismatched clock domains: The transmitter and receiver are not part of the same clock domain'

One of the devices is configured with sample rate pull-up/down that does not match the other device.

n

'Tx Scheduler failure'

This is typically because you are trying to use sub-millisecond latency over a 100 Mbps network link

(1 msec is the minimum supported latency over 100 Mbps links).

n

'No Receive flows: receiver cannot support any more flows'

This will be seen if the receiver is subscribed to too many devices (devices typically do not support

the same number of flows as they do channels). See Routing Audio > Flows for more information.

n

'No more flows (TX): transmitter cannot support any more flows'

This will be seen if too many devices are subscribed to the transmitter. See Fanout for more

information.

Differentiating between input and output channels

Channels are classified according to whether they put audio data onto, or take audio data off the network:

n A channel that puts audio data onto the network is known as a transmitting, Tx or output channel.

n A channel that takes data off the network is known as a receiving, Rx or input channel.

Device Names and Channel Labels

In Dante, devices and audio channels are identified by names and labels, not “magic numbers”. Device

names and channel labels can be customized.

n Dante routing is performed using the device names and channel labels. A receive channel can be sub-

scribed to the name of a transmit channel at a device.

Example: “Analog L@my-transmitter” describes a channel labelled “Analog L” on a device

named “my-transmitter”. Device names must be unique on a Dante network. Channel labels

must be unique on the device.

n If a device or channel is renamed, Dante routing considers it to be a different device or channel. If a

new device or channel is then given the old name, Dante routing will route from the new device in

place of the previous device.

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Example: The power supply on “stage-box” fails and “stage-box” needs to be replaced. The

old “stage-box” is removed, and a new box is plugged in and named “stage-box”. Dante

receivers previously subscribed to the old “stage-box” will now automatically restore their

subscriptions to the new “stage-box”.

n Device names must be unique on the network. If you attempt to rename a device using Dante Con-

troller to a name that is already in use on the network, Dante Controller will notify you and reject the

name change.

Example: There is an existing device on the network called “MY16-slot1”. If user attempts to

rename another device to “MY16-slot1” Dante Controller will notify you that the name is already

in use. The device will not be renamed.

n If a new device is added to the network with a name that already exists, a name conflict is detected,

and one of the devices will rename itself by appending (2) to its name. This device will not be able to

transmit audio until it is renamed.

Note: A device that has been renamed with (2) appended (e.g. “MY16-slot1(2)”) will not be able to

transmit audio until it is renamed. The device name must be changed by the user to be a valid non-

conflicting name before the device can become fully functional.

Rules for Names and Labels

n All Dante names and labels are up to 31 characters in length. Name and label comparisons are case-

insensitive; “Guitar” and “guitar” are treated as the same label. Unicode and non-roman char-

acters are not supported.

n Device names should follow Domain Name System (DNS) hostname rules. Legal characters are A-

Z, a-z, 0-9, and '-' (dash or hyphen).

n Tx channel labels may use any character except '=' (equals), '.' (full stop or period), or '@' (at). Tx

channel labels must be unique on a device. Tx channel labels do not need to be unique on the net-

work as they are always qualified by device (channel@device).

n Rx channel labels follow the same rules as Tx channel labels.

Routing Audio

Routing Terminology

n Device: A device means a Dante-enabled device, and more specifically that component of the audio

equipment that implements the Dante interface. A Dante device typically has Tx and Rx channels

and other routing-related properties.

n Transmit (Tx) channel: A transmit channel transmits audio from the audio hardware onto the net-

work.

n Receive (Rx) channel: A receive channel receives audio from the network and sends it to the audio

hardware.

n Flow: Dante audio routing creates flows. Each flow carries several channels of audio from a trans-

mitter to one or more receivers. Unicast routing creates flows to single receivers. Multicast routing

creates flows that can be received by multiple receivers. Multicast flows are assigned IDs enabling

them to be identified in Dante Controller.

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n Unicast routing: Unicast flows are point-to-point from a single transmitter to a single receiver.

Unicast flows typically have room for 4 channels of audio.

n Multicast routing: Multicast flows are one-to-many from a single transmitter to any number of receiv-

ers. Use Dante Controller to choose which channels are to be multicast. Unlike unicast routing, mul-

ticast flows consume network bandwidth even if there are no receivers, but do not require additional

bandwidth to add more receivers.

n Subscription: A subscription configures a receive channel to receive audio from a transmit channel

on another Dante device.

n Subscription status: For a receive channel, subscription status indicates whether it is subscribed,

whether it is receiving unicast or multicast audio, whether the subscription is OK, or whether an error

has occurred.

Subscription

Dante routing is performed by associating a receiving (Rx) channel with a transmitting (Tx) channel. This is

called subscription.

Example: Route Tx channels 1 and 2 (labeled “Audio L” and “Audio R”) on the device labeled

“Source” to Rx channels 3 and 4 on the device labeled “Dest”.

Rx channels 3 and 4 on “Dest” are subscribed as follows:

n 3. Audio L@Source

n 4. Audio R@Source

Dante will perform the necessary audio routing to deliver the audio from the Tx channels to the Rx

channels.

Redundancy

Many Dante devices support redundant audio routing. These devices have two network interfaces, labeled

primary and secondary. Primary interfaces should be connected to one physical network. If redundancy is

being used, secondary interfaces should be connected to a second separate network. Secondary

interfaces cannot communicate with primary interfaces.

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